Breath is the most important and better sample for diagnosing infections and other diseases, the analysis of the breath demonstrate that advantage more than other fluids such as blood. Besides one of the most important technologies used on the tasks of applications of Artificial Neural Networks ANN, is the recognition that uses in many areas such as health, video games, and more. This seminal paper highlighted distinction between two classification method that used to select and analyze features from breath print, the first one is the Mutual Information (MI) which uses an Information-theoretic approach for feature selection, the Mutual Information approach uses the features as input for classifier: support vector machine (SVM),k-nearest neighbors(K-NN),Bayesian Network (BN), Maximum Likelihood (ML) which all discussed in (Wang. et al.,2014), the second one is the time-frequency analyses methods (Wavelet Transform) and frequency analyses (Fourier) approach that is used for feature selection, in addition it uses these features as input to the classifier: machine learning algorithms Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and k-NN are both used and discussed in (Göğüş. et al.,2015) which used to classify the asthmatic breath sounds. Keywords: Breath-print, E-Nose, Auscultation, Mutual Information, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Wavelet Packet Transform, Artificial Neural Network
Developing tactile displays is an important aspect of improving the realism of feeling softness in laparoscopic surgery. One of the major challenges of designing a tactile display is to understand how the perception of touch can be perceived with differences in material properties. This study seeks to address this limitation by investigating how the interaction of material properties affects perception of softness. The study aims to explore how the interaction of surface roughness and compliance affect perception of softness through the use of a psychophysical experiment. The experiment used a set of nine stimuli representing three materials of different compliance, with three different patterns of surface roughness. The results indicated that compliance affected perception of softness when pressing the finger and when sliding it. Moreover, roughness also influences the perception of softness. In addition, there are significant effects of the interaction between compliance and roughness, and subjects on softness perception. This work is an essential step towards understanding interactions between compliance and other material properties which affect perception of softness and how this understanding can be applied to the medical field, especially laparoscope surgery. Key words: human perception, softness, compliance, roughness, stickiness, tactile displays